"Hikikomori" is a Japanese term to describe a population of socially reclusive individuals who withdraw from the world and rarely leave the isolation of their homes. Substantial evidence shows that their social isolation is not merely a feature of other mental health issues, but a condition in itself. In Japan, the government has estimated that there may be 1-2 million such modern hermits, with an average age of 31. Although especially prominent in Japan, this is a growing phenomenon in the rest of the developed world. The United Kingdom, for example, created a Minister of Loneliness position in 2018 to help coordinate government action on this issue
In this debate, "treatment" means assertive, direct, targeted outreach by state-funded counsellors. "Prevention" can include implementing large-scale education campaigns for parents, reforming schooling to prioritize building social skills, implementing public awareness campaigns, and other such programs.